Este artículo aborda las reinterpretaciones del pasado colonial iniciadas a finales de los años sesenta en México y que se expresan con la oposición entre la memoria indígena y la Historia etnocida. Desde una perspectiva de estudios críticos sobre la memoria se muestra que esta resignificación del pasado tuvo como fundamento el concepto de etnocidio con el que una generación de antropólogos críticos calificó al colonialismo de un crimen de destrucción cultural, que en el país habría sido perpetuado por las (...) ideologías de la homogeneidad nacional. Asimismo, se esclarecen los presupuestos desde los que partieron, como las equivalencias entre el Holocausto y el colonialismo. Por último, se examina el surgimiento de la idea de memoria indígena, que postula problemáticamente la pervivencia del pasado prehispánico como forma de resistencia ante el colonialismo. (shrink)

Con el objetivo de esbozar una ontología del presente, este artículo sigue las transformaciones de la antropología en México en busca de sus condiciones políticas y epistémicas de enunciación. El gobierno mexicano del siglo XIX dedicó mútliples esfuerzos poblar correctamente el territorio, es decir, con una población sana, educada y civilizada. A principios del siglo XX, las políticas indigenistas promovieron la aculturación de los pueblos indígenas, pero esta aculturación fue luego denunciada como etnocida por una nueva generación de antropólogos, defensores (...) del indigenismo autogestivo y, más tarde, de la valorización de las identidades como capital humano por la metodología neoliberal. El evolucionismo científico dio paso a un paradigma comunicacional, fundamento epistémico de muchas políticas contemporáneas. Es la encarnación misma del tema foucaltiano de la muerte del Hombre como forma de saber, y la ilustración de una nueva episteme. (shrink)

François Mauriac desarrolló fundamentalmente su producción literaria en la primera mitad del siglo pasado, un periodo marcado por las dos Guerras Mundiales en una Francia en creciente proceso de secularización. Así las cosas, con motivo del cincuenta aniversario de su fallecimiento la pretensión de este trabajo es hacer emerger la figura de Mauriac como apologeta que, desde el ámbito literario, defendió algunos de los principales postulados católicos cuestionados por el alma moderna. En efecto, el premio Nobel de literatura pertenece a (...) esa constelación de autores católicos que, profundizando en las raíces del Cristianismo, intentan dar una salida a la crisis de la Modernidad, cimentada fundamentalmente en el positivismo y el materialismo. De hecho, veremos cómo plantea el problema del mal en el mundo y la solución al mismo desde el ámbito de la caridad por medio de mártires inmolados. Asimismo, asistiremos a la crítica sistemática del novelista francés contra el antitestimonio cristiano o contra el fariseísmo religioso como elementos clave de su pedagogía apologética. (shrink)

The egalitarian ethos, as formulated by G.A. Cohen, and the unconditional basic income are two proposals that a priori may seem incompatible. The reason is that Cohen’s ethos – aimed at reducing inequality without sacrificing efficiency or freedom- requires that individuals work hard in socially useful occupations without asking for any inequality-generating incentives. On the contrary, the UBI, as conceived by Van Parijs and van der Veen, consists of an income paid by the government to every full member of society (...) regardless of their willingness to contribute to society in the form of work. In short, the ethos includes a productive requirement while the UBI has an unconditional character. However, if we introduce an absolute level of affluence above what occupational autonomy takes precedence over efficiency and if we broaden the range of socially useful contributions beyond formal employment, the tension between the egalitarian ethos and UBI will be alleviated. (shrink)

Mi ensayo ha querido explicar genealógicamente y de forma contextualizada el desencuentro entre Ernst Cassirer y Martin Heidegger en Davos, y la deriva de éste hacia el nazismo desde los presupuestos de su filosofía existencial. ¿Qué papel juega el antisemitismo espiritual en la crítica heideggeriana al neokantismo y la fenomenología trascendental? ¿Por qué la fenomenología de Edmund Husserl es "una monstruosidad"? ¿Por qué Kant se convierte en batalla y campo de batalla de la Kulturkampf? ¿Por qué se lee a Heidegger (...) como se lee? ¿Qué sentido tiene la práctica de la historia de la filosofía en el “final” de la filosofía?My essay wanted to explain genealogically and in a contextualized way the disagreement between Cassirer and Heidegger in Davos, and its drift towards Nazism from the budgets of their existential philosophy. What role does spiritual anti-Semitism play in the Heideggerian critique of neo-Kantianism and transcendental phenomenology? Why is Husserl's phenomenology "a monstrosity"? Why does Kant become the battle and battlefield of the Kulturkampf? Why do you read Heidegger as you read? What is the meaning of the practice of the history of philosophy in the “final” of philosophy? (shrink)

Frente a la posición escolástica dominante hasta d siglo XVIII que consideraba el mal como ausencia de ser. Kant denuncia el mal como realidad existente, no meramente lógica, cuyo carácter negativo proviene de su oposición al deber moral. Kant nos va a decir que el mal es contraposición real, no simplemente una carencia. Este carácter ontológico del mal pone en tela de juicio la visión moderna del Progreso: éste no es el desenlace natural del devenir humano, ya que es posible (...) también progresar en el mal, como abundante ha probado la historia, incluso la reciente. De ahí la necesidad de replantearse el ser del hombre, a la luz de su responsabilidad trascendental. Si hay razones para el optimismo, no descansan en una fe ciega en el hombre, sino en su capacidad moral para superar su propia inclinación al mal. In opposition to the scholastic view dominant until the 18"' Century, that evil was but the absence of being, Kant maintains chat evil is actual reality, not merely logical, and that its negate character lies in its opposition co moral duty. Kant asserts that evil is real contrariety, not simply deficiency. This ontological character of evil challenges the modern idea of progress: Progress is not the •natural• course of events, since it is also possible to progress in evil, as history –events recent hit story- has proved abundantly. Therefore the question of the being of man must be reformulated in the light of his transcendental responsibility Whether there are reasons for optimism, they cannot be based on the faith in man, bur on his moral capability to overcome his own tendency to evil. (shrink)

Este libro ofrece una imprescindible riqueza de perspectivas sobre el aspecto más problemático -que coincide con el menos tratado por los investigadores. de la obra de F. Nietzsche (1844-1990): la cuestión política. Nuestro reto de cara al Centenario de su muerte fue encarar lo que suele escamotearse. Y, al menos en este país, así ha sido por regla general. bien porque Nietzsche era "apolítico", otra forma más, como en el caso de otros pensadores, de situarlo universitariamente a la derecha, ángulo (...) desde el que se le importaba, ya porque, consigna progresista y transición filosófica, había que poner esta última interpretación en su sitio y demostrarle al mundo que Nietzsche había sido "utilizado erróneamente" por el totalitarismo nazi, el caso es que ya porque nos repugnaba moralmente aquella lectura, ya porque de tanto estar en favor de Nietzsche tampoco lo leíamos, cuestiones fundamentales de su obra y, por qué no decirlo, irritantes tanto para la derecho como para la izquierda, quedaron piadosamente salvadas. Y ahora ¿qué?... Los trabajos aquí presentados, nacionales e internacionales, han sido rigurosamente seleccionados. (shrink)

Realiza una lectura "nietzscheana" de El mundo como voluntad y representación, al igualmente que de El nacimiento de la tragedia para unificar sus tres aspectos: metafísico-gnoseológico, estético y político. Finalmente se analiza la esencia de la "intempestividad" en relación a la metafísica platónico-cristiana, así como frente a la historia lineal-progresista, al Estado y al nacionalismo.

Although from a philosophical perspective, many reflections can be brought up about the theorizing process, in this essay, we aim to reflect on the importance of the alignment between ontology and epistemology. This is particularly relevant because deeper discussions about the philosophical roots that underlay the theorizing processes remain as a lack in organizational and management studies. To support our work, we adopted the epistemic-ontological alignment model as a conceptual tool and the Resource-Based View (RBV) and some of its questionings (...) as an example to carry out a reflection exercise about its epistemic-ontological alignment. RBV is a theory that plays a prominent role in management studies, especially in the strategy field. Nevertheless, discussions regarding RBV philosophical foundations are not common in the mainstream of strategic management. After our analysis, we advise that scholars care about the philosophical roots of their theoretical proposals to promote constructive dialogue in their research communities. This can avoid empty discussions and criticisms based on incongruous worldviews. Our reflections also suggest that future research should embrace the plurality of paradigms as a source of renewal and transcendence in the production of knowledge. A multi-paradigmatic movement towards more eclecticism in Administrative Science can help produce new and underexploited combinations of knowledge in the theorizing process. (shrink)

We investigate dynamic operations acting over a knowing how logic. Our approach makes use of a recently introduced semantics for the knowing how operator, based on an indistinguishability relation between plans. This semantics is arguably closer to the standard presentation of knowing that modalities in classic epistemic logic. Here, we discuss how the semantics enables us to define dynamic modalities representing different ways in which an agent can learn how to achieve a goal. In this regard, we study two types (...) of updates: ontic updates (for which we provide axiomatizations over a particular class of models), and epistemic updates (for which we investigate some semantic properties). (shrink)

El presente trabajo realiza una reconstrucción de la filosofía práctica de Julio De Zan poniendo de relieve su filiación kantiana y deteniéndose en cuatro momentos teóricos. En primer lugar, se presenta la noción de una “gramática del ethos”, mediante la cual De Zan presenta –siguiendo a Kant– los aspectos formales de su perspectiva. En segundo lugar, se discute el modo en que De Zan toma en cuenta las críticas a Kant desde la filosofía hegeliana, y el modo en que (...) propone superar esas críticas. En tercer lugar, se examina a la ética discursiva como una actualización válida –según este autor– del pensamiento kantiano. Finalmente, se aborda la idea de comunidad ética como un antecedente kantiano de la sociedad civil. (shrink)

Emotions are complex reactions that allow individuals to cope with significant positive and negative events. Research on emotion was pioneered by Darwin’s work on emotional expressions in humans and animals. But Darwin was concerned mainly with facial and bodily expressions of significance for humans, citing mainly examples from mammals (e.g., apes, dogs, and cats). In birds, emotional expressions are less evident for a human observer, so a different approach is needed. Understanding avian emotions will provide key evolutionary information on the (...) evolution of related behaviors and brain circuitry. Birds and mammals are thought to have evolved from different groups of Mesozoic reptiles, theropod dinosaurs and therapsids, respectively, and therefore, their common ancestor is likely to be a basal reptile living about 300 million years ago, during the Carboniferous or Permian period. Yet, birds and mammals exhibit extensive convergence in terms of relative brain size, high levels of activity, sleep/wakefulness cycles, endothermy, and social behavior, among others. This article focuses on two basic emotions with negative valence: fear and frustration. Fear is related to the anticipation of dangerous or threatening stimuli (e.g., predators or aggressive conspecifics). Frustration is related to unexpected reward omissions or devaluations (e.g., loss of food or sexual resources). These results have implications for an understanding of the conditions that promote fear and frustration and for the evolution of supporting brain circuitry. (shrink)

El anuncio en julio de 2012 de los primeros indicios experimentales sobre la existencia del bosón de Higgs, reavivó el interés del secular debate sobre el significado de conceptos como el vacío y los campos físicos. La evolución de sus interpretaciones revela mutaciones profun- das en el trasfondo filosófco de nuestra visión de la naturaleza. Especialmente por cuanto el controvertido papel de las rupturas de simetría se ha añadido a las discusiones sobre las teorías de unificación y la estructura (...) fundamental de la materia. (shrink)

Bajo el título Territorio y voluntad comunitaria, la editorial Aula de Hu- manidades, de Bogotá, publicó en 2021 el trabajo de investigación doc- toral de Rodrigo Escobar-Holguín: “El ordenamiento territorial como acto volitivo comunitario. Un enfoque fenomenológico”, sustentado en junio de 2019, como requisito para optar al título de doctor en Filosofía por la Universidad del Valle en Cali, Colombia. La tesis fue dirigida por el profesor Julio César Vargas Bejarano y el jurado evaluador estuvo compuesto por los profesores (...) Ana Patricia No- guera, Javier San Martín y Esteban Marín Ávila. (shrink)

As possibilidades do cinema no ensino das humanidades Resumo: Tradicionalmente usado como ilustração e sensibilização de conteúdos curriculares, propomos neste artigo um outro modo de usar cinema como recurso didático no ensino de humanidades. Em um primeiro momento, fazemos uma crítica acerca das práticas mais usuais, levantando o problema se com elas o cinema de fato pensa. Em um segundo momento, a partir da concepção proposta por Gilles Deleuze, propomos encarar o cinema como instaurador de processos mentais através de suas (...) técnicas de enquadramento, decupagem e montagem. Confrontamos a proposta de Deleuze com a de Julio Cabrera para analisar criticamente a relação do pensamento com o cinema. Discutimos teoricamente esta distinção e também apresentamos práticas didáticas possíveis relacionadas a ambos os procedimentos. O artigo procura refletir tanto sobre as teorias quanto as práticas possíveis tendo em vista a relação pensamento e cinema. Palavras-chave: ensino; filosofia do cinema; humanidades; cinema. The possibilities of cinema in humanities teaching Abstract: Traditionally used as an illustration and sensitization of curriculum content, we propose in this article another way of using cinema as a didactic resource in humanities education. At first, we criticize the most common practices, raising the issue of whether cinema really thinks with them. In a second moment, based on the conception proposed by Gilles Deleuze, we propose to face cinema as the instigator of mental processes through its framing, decoupage and editing techniques. We compare Deleuze's proposal with Julio Cabrera's to critically analyze the relationship between thought and cinema. We theoretically discuss this distinction and also present possible didactic practices related to both procedures. The article seeks to reflect on both theories and possible practices in the relationship between thought and cinema. Key-words: teaching; film philosophy; humanities; cinema Las posibilidades del cine en la enseñanza de las humanidades Resumen: Tradicionalmente utilizado como ilustración y conciencia de los contenidos curriculares, proponemos en este artículo otra forma de utilizar el cine como recurso didáctico en la educación en humanidades. En un primer momento, criticamos las prácticas más habituales, planteando la cuestión de si el cine realmente piensa en ellas. En un segundo momento, partiendo de la concepción propuesta por Gilles Deleuze, nos proponemos afrontar el cine como impulsor de los procesos mentales a través de sus técnicas de encuadre, decoupage y edición. Comparamos la propuesta de Deleuze con la de Julio Cabrera para analizar críticamente la relación entre pensamiento y cine. Teóricamente discutimos esta distinción y también presentamos posibles prácticas didácticas relacionadas con ambos procedimientos. El artículo busca reflexionar tanto sobre teorías como posibles prácticas ante la relación entre pensamiento y cine. Palabras clave: docencia; filosofía del cine; humanidades; cine. Data de registro: 30/08/2021Data de aceite: 16/02/2022. (shrink)

How can dispute records shed light on the study of dispute settlement processes and their social and political underpinnings? This volume addresses this question by investigating the interplay between record-making, disputing process, and the social and political contexts of conflicts. The authors make use of exceptionally rich charter materials from the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and Scandinavia, including different types of texts directly and indirectly related to conflicts, in order to contribute to a comparative survey of early medieval dispute records and (...) to a better understanding of the interplay between judicial and other less formal modes of conflict resolution. Contributors are Isabel Alfonso, José M. Andrade, François Bougard, Warren C. Brown, Wendy Davies, Julio Escalona, Kim Esmark, Adam J. Kosto, Juan José Larrea, André Evangelista Marques, Josep M. Salrach, Igor Santos Salazar, and Francesca Tinti. (shrink)

Blithz Lozada Pereira nació en Oruro (Bolivia) en 1964. Es miembro de número de la Academia Boliviana de la Lengua desde el 2009, fecha en la que expuso su discurso “La educación del indio en el pensamiento filosófico de Franz Tamayo”, con el que fue admitido. Es miembro honorario de la Asociación Peruana de Educación Intercultural. Ha sido coordinador, director, consultor y organizador de investigaciones y eventos académicos e institucionales. Obtuvo la licenciatura en Filosofía, así como realizó estudios de posgrado (...) en Ciencias Sociales, Educación Superior, Filosofía y Ciencias Políticas. Asimismo, se especializó en políticas, organización y gestión de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación. Se ha desempeñado como docente. En la actualidad, enseña en la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés en La Paz. En su mayoría, sus investigaciones se enfocan en la problemática andina de la actualidad. Entre algunas de sus publicaciones, se encuentran las siguientes: Sugerencias intempestivas (1998), Educar para gobernar (2009), La educación del indio en el pensamiento filosófico de Franz Tamayo (2010), Theatrum ginecologicum (2012), La educación intercultural en Bolivia (2005), Cosmovisión, historia y política en los Andes (2007), Ciencia, tecnología e innovación en Bolivia: contexto internacional, investigación universitaria y prospectiva científica (2011), Políticas científicas, tecnológicas y de innovación en Bolivia (2016), Cultura política, ciencia y gestión de gobierno en América Latina (2017) y Políticas comparadas de conocimiento y bienestar en seis países sudamericanos (2018). (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Acosta, José de (1539–1600) Alberdi, Juan Bautista (1810–84) Bello, Andrés (1781–1865) Bilbao, Francisco (1823–65) Bolkvar, Simón (1783–1830) Casas, Bartolomé de las (1484–1566) Caso, Antonio (1883–1946) Cruz, Sor Juana Inés de la (1651–95) da Costa, Newton Carneiro Affonso (b. 1929) Dussel, Enrique (b. 1934) Frondizi, Risieri (1910–83) Gaos, José (1900–69) González Prada, Manuel (1848–1918) Gracia, Jorge J. E. (b. 1942) Haya de la Torre, Victor Raúl (1895–1979) Hostos, Eugenio Marka de (1839–1903) Ingenieros, José (1877–1925) Korn, (...) Alejandro (1860–1936) Lastarria, José Victorino (1817–88) Lemos, Miguel (1854–1917) Mariátegui, José Carlos (1895–1930) Martk, José (1853–95) Méndez Sierra, Justo (1848–1912) Mora, José Maria Luis (1794–1850) Miró Quesada, Francisco (b. 1918) Rabossi, Eduardo (1930–2005) Ramos, Samuel (1897–1959) Rodó, José Enrique (1872–1917) Romero, Francisco (1891–1962) Sahagún, Fray Bernardino de (1499–1590) Salazar Bondy, Augusto (1925–74) Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino (1811–88) Ofelia Schutte (b. 1945) Sepslveda, Juan Ginés de (ca. 1494–1573) Torretti, Roberto (b. 1930) Vasconcelos, José (1882–1959) Vaz Ferreira, Carlos (1872–1958) Villoro, Luis (b. 1922) Vitoria, Francisco de (ca. 1483–1546) Zea Aguilar, Leopoldo (1912–2004) Acknowledgment Further Reading. (shrink)

Epistemic logic with its possible worlds semantic model is a powerful framework that allows us to represent an agent’s information not only about propositional facts, but also about her own information. Nevertheless, agents represented in this framework are logically omniscient: their information is closed under logical consequence. This property, useful in some applications, is an unrealistic idealisation in some others. Many proposals to solve this problem focus on weakening the properties of the agent’s information, but some authors have argued that (...) solutions of this kind are not completely adequate because they do not look at the heart of the matter: the actions that allow the agent to reach such omniscient state. Recent works have explored how acts of observation, inference, consideration and forgetting affect an agent’s implicit and explicit knowledge; the present work focuses on acts that affect an agent’s implicit and explicit beliefs. It starts by proposing a framework in which these two notions can be represented, and then it looks into their dynamics, first by reviewing the existing notion of belief revision, and then by introducing a rich framework for representing diverse forms of inference that involve both knowledge and beliefs. (shrink)

Classical epistemic logic describes implicit knowledge of agents about facts and knowledge of other agents based on semantic information. The latter is produced by acts of observation or communication that are described well by dynamic epistemic logics. What these logics do not describe, however, is how significant information is also produced by acts of inference— and key axioms of the system merely postulate "deductive closure". In this paper, we take the view that all information is produced by acts, and hence (...) we also need a dynamic logic of inference steps showing what effort on the part of the agent makes a conclusion explicit knowledge. Strong omniscience properties of agents should be seen not as static idealizations, but as the result of dynamic processes that agents engage in. This raises two questions: (a) how to define suitable information states of agents and matching notions of explicit knowledge, (b) how to define natural processes over these states that generate new explicit knowledge. To this end, we use a static base from the existing awareness literature, extending it into a dynamic system that includes traditional acts of observation, but also adding and dropping formulas from the current ' awareness' set. We give a completeness theorem, and we show how this dynamics updates explicit knowledge. Then we extend our approach to multi-agent scenarios where awareness changes may happen privately. Finally, we mention further directions and related approaches. Our contribution can be seen as a ' dynamification' of existing awareness logics. (shrink)

We look at two fundamental logical processes, often intertwined in planning and problem solving: inference and update. Inference is an internal process with which we uncover what is implicit in the information we already have. Update, on the other hand, is produced by external communication, usually in the form of announcements and in general in the form of observations, giving us information that might not have been available (even implicitly) before. Both processes have received attention from the logic community, usually (...) separately. In this work, we develop a logical language that allows us to describe them together. We present syntax, semantics and a complete axiom system; we discuss similarities and differences with other approaches and mention how the work can be extended. (shrink)

Donna Quesada had been teaching for about a dozen years when the first signs of burnout hit her. Rather than give in to her frustration, she reached for Buddha's teachings, the Zen wisdom that formed the basis of her own longtime spiritual practice. She survived the semester and gradually rediscovered the joy in her job that had been progressively declining. In this wise and inspirational book, she shares the lessons she learned-lessons that revealed, time and again, that no matter (...) the situation, it's always about getting your head in the right place first. Resolution begins in our own minds. Some days, some semesters, and even some years will be more challenging and more wearisome than others, she warns. But in The Inspired Teacher, Quesada offers a lasting source of encouragement and Zen. Although the book draws from Eastern teachings, the wisdom is for everyone, regardless of personal background, creed, or faith. With elements of The Last Lecture as well as Chicken Soup for the Teacher's Soul, this is the perfect gift for teachers-but also for anyone needing inspiration. (shrink)

This work proposes an understanding of deductive, default and abductive reasoning as different instances of the same phenomenon: epistemic dynamics. It discusses the main intuitions behind each one of these reasoning processes, and suggest how they can be understood as different epistemic actions that modify an agent’s knowledge and/or beliefs in a different way, making formal the discussion with the use of the dynamic epistemic logic framework. The ideas in this paper put the studied processes under the same umbrella, thus (...) highlighting their relationship and allowing a better understanding of how they interact together. (shrink)

In the valley of the Trujala, Hornos and Guadalimar rivers in the Sierra de Segura, northeast of the province of Jaén, is an articulated system of preserved Andalusi structures that configure a landscape. To orient in a landscape, one needs a map that accurately represents the elements involved in its formation. The objective of this work is to reveal these points and to draw a chart that serves to understand and read into the palimpsest of the landscape. To achieve this, (...) an intensive prospecting of the territory is carried out to document the existing remains and an evaluation model based on Geographic Information Systems is elaborated. This process allowed for quantifying variables, obtaining statistically relevant data and classifying the information obtained in places where there is some Andalusi preexistence. The results supply useful parameters in the analytical reading of the landscape, provide quantitative knowledge about factors that connect the sites, and allow for the determination of settlement patterns. The results also reveal the mode of occupation in a territory -the ancientʿamal Šaqūra- as a reflection of the Andalusi organization in the rural world and the anthropic role that these settlements, which are associated with structures built of rammed-earth during the 12th century, have had in the landscape’s configuration. (shrink)

Praxis Filosófica Nueva serie, No. 41, julio-diciembre 2015: 217 - 232 ISSN: 0120-4688EL PRÍNCIPE DE MAQUIAVELO:DESAFÍOS, LEGADOS Y SIGNIFICADOSJorge Andrés López Rivera, CompiladorCali, Pontificia Universidad Javerianay Universidad del Valle, 2014, 286 páginas.

Inauguration speech at chair number 18 of the Brasilian Academy of Philosophy.